Importance of Echocardiography in Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

ECMO is a mechanical support system applied in cases of severe heart and/or lung failure unresponsive to all treatments. The use of ECMO is increasing. Technological advancements in ECMO systems (oxygenator, pump, cannula systems, and cannulation techniques), careful patient selection, and the use of echocardiography (ECHO) contribute to improving survival rates. Additionally, the establishment of ECMO teams and increased experience in this field have also enhanced its applications. Knowledge of ECMO indications and contraindications, technical and intraoperative anesthesia management, and potential complications necessitates collaborative implementation in the operating room, intensive care unit, or during the e-CPR process. This review emphasizes the importance and guidance of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TTE and TEE) in peripheral or central ECMO applications, including ECMO cannulation, hemodynamic monitoring, and separation processes.