Ischemic preconditioning can be defined as the protective mechanism which is triggered against prolonged ischemia induced organ damage, by single or repetitive brief periods of ischemia-reperfusions. Since described for the first time in 1986 to date trials are made to reveal the mechanism and factors affecting the mechanism of ischemic preconditioning but experience is limited on clinical implication of ischemic preconditioning.
In this paper, the effect of ischemic preconditioning on organs other than myocardium and its prominent effects in clinical practice are revealed.

OBJECTIVE: Rocuronium and vecuronium as muscle relaxants drug is to compare the effects of lung dynamic and hemodynamic parameters in patients requiring OLV for thoracic surgery.
METHODS: After approval of the hospital scientific committee and informed consent, 50 patients undergoing thoracotomy, under the age of 70, classified as ASA I-II were selected. Before the operation, patients were divided randomly into two groups; vecuronium Group V (n = 25) and rocuronium group R (n = 25). Onset time of effect and the need for additional doses of muscle relaxants was determined by TOF-Watch®SX device. Hemodynamic parameters and blood gas values were recorded. As lung mechanics, the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), plateau pressure and end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) values were recorded. The quality of intubation was assessed by Goldberg scale.
RESULTS: Onset time of effect and the need for additional doses of muscle relaxants was statistically longer in the group V than those in the group R (p <0.01).Goldberg scale’s rate was significantly higher in Group R than in Group V (p <0.05). The plateau pressure, PIP, and ETCO2 significantly higher in both groups (p <0.01), but were not significantly different between the two groups during OLV.
CONCLUSION: In our study, we have found that rocuronium provided shorter intubation time and higher intubation quality. We have concluded that rocuronium may be safely used in routine and complicated applications that require rapid intubation such as OLV applications.
Key words: One-lung ventilation, rocuronium, vecuronium

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an important monitoring and diagnostic tool used during surgery for repair of congenital heart disease. In this case report, we diagnosed severe aortic valve regurgitation after repair of tetralogy of Fallot during postbypass period using TEE in the operating room. An aortic valve was repaired on re-operation. The patient was successfully weaned from CPB. Aortic regurgitation in the tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is not frequent, but it can occur when VSD is closed during surgical management. After repair of TOF, careful observation for early AR is needed during postbypass period with TEE.

Acute aortic dissection is a disease which characterized by arterial wall separation, intimal dissection and hematoma. It has been seen half of dissections in women less than 40 yr of age occur during pregnancy, more commonly in the third trimester and postpartum period. Aortic dissection is a potentially risk factor for mother and baby during pregnancy. Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan’s syndrome and number of pregnancy are associated with occurring of the aortic dissection. In this report, we discuss the management of anesthesia a patient with Marfanoid appearance who developed type A dissection of the aorta occurred 4 hours after elective Caeserean section.